PROJECT
PROPOSAL (DRAFT 2)
GSM
ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION SYSTEM
STUDENT
NAME: AKMAL AKRAM BIN ABU BAKAR
ID
NO:
51210210294
INSTITUTION:
BRITISH MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE
SECTION:
ELECTRICAL
SUPERVISOR:
SIR MUHYI BIN YAAKOP
DATE:
18
FEBRUARY 2012
1 1.0 INTRODUCTION
The
general purpose of an accident notification using GSM are to implement an
accident notification system wirelessly using one of the wireless communication
using Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and to give early
occurrence of an accident and detected the location where the accident happened
by using Global Positioning system (GPS). News and location of an accident
should be known early by family members and close friends at some distance.
Accident notification using GSM was found to be
one of the best methods to ensure that the accident should be known by family
members and close friends, by this we get the intimation very
quickly and we save their lives by taking some correct decision. A GSM modem is
a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem
behaves like a dial-up modem. The main different between them is that a dial-up
modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless
modem sends and receives data through radio waves. The
number of SMS messages that can be processed by a GSM modem per minute is very
low, which is only about six to ten SMS messages per minute. The GSM net used
by cell phones provides a low cost, long range, wireless communication channel
for application that need connectivity rather than high data rates. Machinery
such as industrial refrigerators and freezers, HVAC, vending machines, vehicle services
and others could benefit from being connected to GSM system.
While using GPS to detected the location of an accident,
family members and close friends can know the location early and taking fast
and correct decision. The GPS is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and
time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is
an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The system
imposes some technical limitations which are only removed for
authorized users. The GPS program provides critical capabilities to military,
civil and commercial users around the world. In addition, GPS is the backbone
for modernizing the global air traffic system.
This
research study will reviews the configuration of GSM module and GPS which will
then be used as case studies to test and validate the proposed accident
notification system. Sensitivity analysis techniques will be proposed and
conducted to identify areas of improvement to the accident notification.
1 2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT
SEREMBAN: Twelve people were killed when a north-bound
express bus crashed through the guardrail and ploughed into five vehicles
heading in the opposition direction at KM223.2 of the North South Expressway
near Simpang Ampat here. Forty-five others were also injured in the 7.45pm
accident, which occurred near the Negri Sembilan-Malacca border here yesterday.
Witnesses said the express bus crashed into the rear of a
car before the driver lost control of his vehicle and rammed through the
guardrail and onto the path of an oncoming bus, two cars and a motorcycle. The
impact caused the express bus to flip onto its side. The bus driver and
motorcyclist were among the casualties. The oncoming bus belonged to the
Welfare Department. Apparently, out of the 45 injured, four have been rushed to
the Kuala Lumpur Hospital for treatment, 22 were sent to a hospital in Seremban
and 12 to another hospital in Malacca.
Unfortunately, the accidents were not inform to the family
and friend members earlier and only known after the victims were sent to the
hospital. Furthermore, nobodies know the placed where the accident happened.
GSM accident notification system which can implement an
accident notification earlier will be giving a best solution about the late
notification. This system also will trace the location where accidents happened
using the GPS.
1 3. 0 OBJECTIVES
There
are several objectives in order to complete this “GSM Accident Notification System”.
The objectives are:-
Ø To
implement an accident notification system wirelessly using one of the wireless
communication using Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Global
Positioning System (GPS).
Ø To
design and develop a prototype of GSM Accident Notification Systems.
Ø To
integrate between GSM phone functionally with GPS system.
1 4.0 METHODOLOGY
4.1 Block Diagram
There are 2 methodologies that we will use which are software and the
hardware.
1.
For the hardware, the equipment
that we used is, the sensors that relates to our project, such as vibration
sensor or shock sensor. The function of all this sensor is to sense the
vibration whenever the vehicle met an accident. By getting the information from
these sensor, the microcontroller will process the data and send the other task
to the equipment.
2.
The software that we
will used is PIC microcontroller, that were function as the controller and main
function of the system.
The
device overview is the general review or summary of the electronics component
and equipment used in Real Time Controlled and Monitoring Earth Leakage Circuit
Breaker (ELCB) Systems.
4.2.1
PIC
16F873A
Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) is the IC which was
developed to control peripheral devices. Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC)
is popular with developers due to their low cost, wide availability, large user
base and also extensive application. The PIC can be programmed to perform
various functions that would provide simplicity in the electronic industries.
PIC 16F873A is based on the concept of manipulating
numbers where there are 35 basic sets of instruction, made available for user.
Examples of instruction set include data transfer, control, and arithmetic and
logic operations.
For GSM Accident
Notification Systems, the PIC 16F873A has been used as the heart of this
project. The PIC 16F873A is available in 28-pin packages and
have three input/output port which are port A, port B and port C. The program memory is 4K words, the RAM memory is 192
bytes and the EEPROM is 128 bytes. Flash memory is used for PIC16F873A. So the
program can be easily rewritten by the PIC programmer.
This IC also has fourteen interrupts and five A/D input channel.
Figure 4.2: PIC 16F873A pin diagrams
The
key features of PIC 16F873A are as follows in table 4.2 above:
Key Features
|
PIC16F873A
|
Operating Frequency
|
DC – 20 MHz
|
Resets (and Delays)
|
POR, BOR (PWRT, OST)
|
Flash Program Memory (14-bit words) 4K 4K 8K 8K
|
4K
|
Data Memory (bytes)
|
192
|
EEPROM Data Memory (bytes)
|
128
|
Interrupts
|
14
|
I/O Ports
|
Ports A, B, C
|
Timers
|
3
|
Capture/Compare/PWM modules
|
2
|
Serial Communications
|
MSSP, USART
|
Parallel Communications
|
-
|
10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module
|
5 input channels
|
Analog Comparators
|
2
|
Instruction Set
|
35 Instructions
|
Table 4.1: 16F873A Features
4.2.2 MAX232
IC
MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from RS-232 serial port.
The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX,
signals. The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs from a single 5V
supply via on-chip charge pumps and external (typically 100 nF) capacitors. The receivers
reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as ± 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical
threshold of 1.3 V, and a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V and accept ±30-V inputs. The advantage of MAX232 is that it uses +5V power
supplies same as the source voltage of PIC 16873A.
Feature
for MAX232:
ü Operate
with single 5V supply
ü Operate
up to 120kbit/s
ü Two
drivers and two receivers
ü ±30-V input levels
ü Low supply current ,typical : 8 mA
ü Designed
to be interchangeable with MAX232
ü Applications:TIA/EIA-232-F,
Battery-Powered Systems, Terminals, Modems, Computers
| 4.2.3 GSM Modem |
Figure 4.3 : MAX232 pin diagram
A
GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A
wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main different between them is
that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line
while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.
Typically,
and external GSM modem is connected to a computer through a serial cable. In
order to operate, a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier like
a GSM mobile phone. A GSM modem supports a common and extended set of standard
AT commands. With the extended commands, the GSM modem can be used as:
ü Reading
ü Sending
SMS messages.
ü Monitoring
the signal strength.
ü Monitoring
the charging status and charge level of the battery.
ü Reading
The
number of SMS messages that can be processed by a GSM modem per minute is very
low, which is only about six to ten SMS messages per minute. The GSM net used
by cell phones provides a low cost, long range, wireless communication channel
for application that need connectivity rather than high data rates. Machinery
such as industrial refrigerators and freezers, HVAC, vending machines, vehicle
services and others could benefit from being connected to GSM system.
Figure
4.4: GSM Modem
4.2.4 RS232
RS232 is commonly used in computer serial port. The RS232
is a standard for serial binary data signal connecting between a DTE (Data
Terminal Equipment-computer) and a DCE (Data Circuit-terminating
Equipment-modem). This devices will be sending and receiving signals Generally,
terminal and computers have male connectors with DTE functions, and modem have
female connectors with DCE pin functions. Other devices may have any
combination of connecter gender and pin definitions. Nowadays, many terminals
were manufactured with female terminals but were sold with a cable with male
connectors at each end.
To connect with GSM modem, the connection of RS232 cable
pin diagram is as follows:
Figure 4.5: RS232 null modem with loop back
handshaking
4.2.5 Sensor
A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure pressure, acceleration, strain or force by
converting them to an electrical charge. In GSM accident notification system, this type
of sensor are used to get the mechanical signal and convert to electrical
signal.
Figure
4.6 : Piezoelectric plate
4.2.6 GPS Module
The GPS module ProGin SR-89 series is used.
Main
features:
- High performances
receiver tracks up to 20 satellites
- The module
communicates with application system via RS 232 with NMEA – 0183 protocol
- Average cold
start time under 42 seconds
NMEA
0183
- A combined
electrical and data specification for communication between marine
electronic devices such as GPS receivers, anemometer and etc.
Figure 4.7 : GPS module ProGin SR-89
5.0 PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
5.1 Budget
- Estimation
on the overall cost of the project
A)
Software
|
||
1.
|
Commercial
Reliability Software (Student Demo version)
|
-
|
B)
Stationary
|
||
1.
|
Paper
|
RM 30.00
|
2.
|
Printer ink
|
RM 50.00
|
3.
|
Photocopy
|
RM 20.00
|
4.
|
binding
|
RM 50.00
|
C)
Others
|
||
1.
|
Travelling expenses (data collection)
|
RM 50.00
|
2.
|
GSM accident notification system configuration prototype
|
RM 100.00
|
D)
Components,
Circuits & Equipments
|
||
1.
|
GSM modem
|
RM 480.00
|
2.
|
GPS system
|
RM 450.00
|
3.
|
PIC circuits
|
RM 30.00
|
4.
|
Components used
|
RM 50.00
|
TOTAL
|
RM 1310.00
|
|
5.2 Time Plan
Project title: GSM Accident Notification System
The time frame allocated for this research study is
1 year. It will start in January 2012
and is projected to be completed in December 2012.
The Time Plan for the project and
its milestone are shown below.
SEM
1/12
SEM 1/12
6.0 CONCLUSION
This
project is a combination of hardware and software development. For hardware
development, GSM Accident Notification Systems includes electronics component
and external equipment such as battery GSM module and also GPS system. For
software, it use PIC Microcontroller. GSM Accident Notification Systems is very
useful in their application which applied new technology for accident
notification that can help human’s life.
The development of GSM Accident Notification System are
develop to minimize the deaths and the severe conditions due to accidents the
GPS and GSM technologies are used where the immediate action would be take place
by family or friend members which might reduces the severity.
7.0 REFERENCES
