Project Demonstration

• When the car met an accident, GSM Accident Notification System will sent early alert SMS to the selected personal. This system was install at the car prototype and was demo and record as in video below. 

Project Poster

System Prototype

This system will be install in any vehicle such as car, lorry, motor and many more. Picture below is a prototype of this system.

System Design

SYSTEM DESIGN

GSM Accident Notification System have 4 important part which are main board for microcontroller which is using Atmega 328P, GSM module, Shock Sensor and serial communication (RS 232). Below are fully design for the system.

System Result

GSM Accident Notification System is a system that give early alert SMS to selected personal in event of accident. whenever the vehicle was crash, the alert SMS will send to selected personal. The result of the system are shown below.


The system will startup and standby until the crash happens. When the crash happened the alert SMS will sent to the selected personal phone by using GSM.

System Programming for GSM Accident Notification System

****Coding for GSM Accident Notification System


#include <GSM_Shield.h>
# define LED 13
# define BUTTON 6
//**************************************************************************
char number[]="+60163024022";  //Destination number
char text[]="Accident Happen to WTF 7676!!!";  //SMS to send
//**************************************************************************


int error;
int val = 0;

void setup()
{
  pinMode (LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BUTTON, INPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("system startup");




}

void loop()

{

  val = digitalRead(BUTTON);
  Serial.println("ready to sent sms");
  if (val == LOW)

{

  digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);

{
 
  Serial.print("Send SMS to ");
 
  Serial.println("SMS sent \n");
}
}
 
  else {
  digitalWrite(LED, LOW);

}
    delay(500);
 
    return;
 }

MAX 232 and RS 232 (DB9)

Connection Between MAX 233 and RS232 (DB9 Female)

Atmega328 Pin Mapping

SIM 900 GSM/GPRS SHIELD FOR ARDUINO

IComsat is a GSM/GPRS shield for Arduino and based on the SIM900 Quad-band GSM/GPRS module. It is controlled via AT commands and fully compatible with Arduino.

Features

• Quad-Band 850/ 900/ 1800/ 1900 MHz
• GPRS multi-slot class 10/8
• GPRS mobile station class B
• Compliant to GSM phase 2/2+
• Class 4 (2 W @850/ 900 MHz)
• Class 1 (1 W @ 1800/1900MHz)
• Control via AT commands (GSM 07.07 ,07.05 and SIMCOM enhanced AT Commands)
• Low power consumption: 1.5mA(sleep mode)
• Operation temperature: -40°C to +85 °C

Shock Sensor

SHOCK SENSOR

1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

         Shock and impact sensors are devices that detect sudden or severe impact at a predetermined
         level and indicate whether the level has been exceeded. Shock sensors are a type of
         transducer that responds to shock energy by producing another type of energy signal, usually
         electrical. Shock sensors are essentially seismic detectors which pick up vibrations. Shock
         indicators are employed to check the adverse effect of excess shock on an item being
         monitored. Shock sensors should be sensitive to shock, insensitive to any other property, and
         should not influence the measured property. Shock and impact sensors are commonly used in
         heavy industries.

         Shock and impact sensors are used in many applications. Examples include automobile
         security systems, military applications, and laboratory test equipment. Shock and impact
         sensors are also used in industrial manufacturing equipment.

        The product features include:
                 · Single bit output
                 · Small size makes it easy to conceal
                 · Plastic housing to provide protection for the electronic circuitry
                 · Indicator LED for indication of a shock
                 · Compatible with all types of microcontrollers
                 · High sensitivity to shock and impact



2. PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

•  Pin Definitions and Ratings

  Pin                       Name                                           Function
  Red                       Vcc                             Connects to Vcc (+5V to + 12V)
  Black                    GND                           Connects to Ground
  Blue                     Output                          Connects to an I/O pin set to INPUT mode (or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                                                                  transistor/MOSFET). This is an NPN output, when sensor
                                                                  detected shock it will short the signal to GND, else the internal
                                                                  NPN transistor is open.

PCB Design

• Procedure for PCB Design

                                                                           STEP 1

                                                                           STEP 2

STEP 3

                                                                              STEP 4

                                                                            STEP 5

                                                                           STEP 6

STEP 7

STEP 8

STEP 9

                                                                             STEP 10

                                                                         STEP 11

List of Components used in Arduino Schematic

List of Components: -10 Ways Straight Box Header

-2510 PCB Connector 4 Ways

-6x6x1 Push Button 4Pin

-9V Battery Holder

-Ceramic Capacitor 0.1uF   -Ceramic Capacitor 22pF   -Crystal H49U 16MHz -Diodes 1N4007 -HL2527 DC Plug (2.1mm) (Black) -IC ATMEGA328 -IC Socket-28 pin(slim) -Mini Slide Switch(PCB) -PCB GS 4x6inch -Resistor 0.5W 5% (1K)   -Resistor 1W 5% 10K -Straight Female Header 1x40 Ways -Straight Pin Header (Male) 1x40 Ways -Terminal Block KAR301-2 Way -Voltage Regulator +5V

Circuit Design (Arduino Schematic)

• using Proteus 7 Professional Software

Technical Report 2 (Related Project) - Summary Report

TECHNICAL REPORT 2


TITLE : ENHANCED AUTOMATIC COLLISION NOTIFICATION SYSTEM – IMPROVED
               RESCUE CARE DUE TO INJURY PREDICTION

AUTHOR : Stefan Rauscher, Georg Messner, Peter Baur
                    BMW Group

                    Germany/USA
                    Jeffrey Augenstein, Kennerly Digges, Elana Perdeck

                    William Lehman Injury Research Center
                    University of Miami
                    United States

                    George Bahouth
                    Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
                    United States

                    Oliver Pieske
                    Ludwig -Maximilians- Universität München
                    Germany

LINK :  http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv21/09-0049.pdf


SUMMARY : This technical report are written about the initial findings from a database of crashes that  
                         involved BMW equipped with Automatic Crash Notification (ACN) Systems. When the
                         crash happen this system transmit crash notification to the BMW call centre. Then, call          
                         centre will communicate directly to the public safety answering point (PSAP). Finally,
                         PSAP would then utilize the available information to arrange appropriate rescue such as
                         send an ambulance, police and others. This system using GSM and GPS technology which
                         is the function of GSM in this system is to sent the notification of the crash and the function
                         of GPS in this system is to detect the location of the crash. By using this system, BMW can
                         take an action to reduce fatalities.
                                                                         

Technical Report 1 (Related Project) - Summary Report

TECHNICAL REPORT 1


TITLE : AUTOMATED CRASH NOTIFICATION VIA THE WIRELESS WEB: SYSTEM DESIGN                              
               AND VALIDATION

             
AUTHOR : Hampton C. Gabler, James DeFuria, and John L. Schmalzel
                    Rowan University
                    United States

LINK :   http://www.me.vt.edu/gabler/publications/esvacn_paper71.pdf




SUMMARY : This technical report are written about the Automated Crash Notification (ACN) System.
                         The system is composed of two major subsystems which is mobile unit and base station.
                         Mobile unit for installed in the occupant compartment of the vehicle, and the Base Station
                         which is responsible for receiving distress calls from the Mobile Units and reporting their
                         location to emergency response dispatch personnel. This section describes the requirements
                         of  each of these subsystems. The mobile unit is responsible for detecting a crash and
                         transmit a message to the base station which describes the crash location and the severity.
                         The base station unit is responsible for receive the signal from the mobile unit which is detect
                         the location of the accident occur. This system are using GPS system to transmit the
                         location.
                       
                     

GSM Sample Source Code With PIC Microcontroller

Circuit diagram of MAX232, RS232 with PIC Microcontroller.

PROJECT PROPOSAL (DRAFT 2)

PROJECT PROPOSAL (DRAFT 2)

GSM ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION SYSTEM

STUDENT NAME: AKMAL AKRAM BIN ABU BAKAR

ID NO: 51210210294

INSTITUTION: BRITISH MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE

SECTION: ELECTRICAL

SUPERVISOR: SIR MUHYI BIN YAAKOP

DATE: 18 FEBRUARY 2012

1      1.0      INTRODUCTION

The general purpose of an accident notification using GSM are to implement an accident notification system wirelessly using one of the wireless communication using Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and to give early occurrence of an accident and detected the location where the accident happened by using Global Positioning system (GPS). News and location of an accident should be known early by family members and close friends at some distance.

Accident notification using GSM was found to be one of the best methods to ensure that the accident should be known by family members and close friends, by this we get the intimation very quickly and we save their lives by taking some correct decision. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main different between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves. The number of SMS messages that can be processed by a GSM modem per minute is very low, which is only about six to ten SMS messages per minute. The GSM net used by cell phones provides a low cost, long range, wireless communication channel for application that need connectivity rather than high data rates. Machinery such as industrial refrigerators and freezers, HVAC, vending machines, vehicle services and others could benefit from being connected to GSM system.

While using GPS to detected the location of an accident, family members and close friends can know the location early and taking fast and correct decision. The GPS is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The system imposes some technical limitations which are only removed for authorized users. The GPS program provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. In addition, GPS is the backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system.

This research study will reviews the configuration of GSM module and GPS which will then be used as case studies to test and validate the proposed accident notification system. Sensitivity analysis techniques will be proposed and conducted to identify areas of improvement to the accident notification.

1      2.0     PROBLEM STATEMENT

SEREMBAN: Twelve people were killed when a north-bound express bus crashed through the guardrail and ploughed into five vehicles heading in the opposition direction at KM223.2 of the North South Expressway near Simpang Ampat here. Forty-five others were also injured in the 7.45pm accident, which occurred near the Negri Sembilan-Malacca border here yesterday.

Witnesses said the express bus crashed into the rear of a car before the driver lost control of his vehicle and rammed through the guardrail and onto the path of an oncoming bus, two cars and a motorcycle. The impact caused the express bus to flip onto its side. The bus driver and motorcyclist were among the casualties. The oncoming bus belonged to the Welfare Department. Apparently, out of the 45 injured, four have been rushed to the Kuala Lumpur Hospital for treatment, 22 were sent to a hospital in Seremban and 12 to another hospital in Malacca.

Unfortunately, the accidents were not inform to the family and friend members earlier and only known after the victims were sent to the hospital. Furthermore, nobodies know the placed where the accident happened.

GSM accident notification system which can implement an accident notification earlier will be giving a best solution about the late notification. This system also will trace the location where accidents happened using the GPS.

1        3. 0   OBJECTIVES

There are several objectives in order to complete this “GSM Accident Notification System”. The objectives are:-

Ø  To implement an accident notification system wirelessly using one of the wireless communication using Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS).

Ø  To design and develop a prototype of GSM Accident Notification Systems.

Ø  To integrate between GSM phone functionally with GPS system.

1    4.0      METHODOLOGY

4.1     Block Diagram

There are 2 methodologies that we will use which are software and the hardware.

1.       For the hardware, the equipment that we used is, the sensors that relates to our project, such as vibration sensor or shock sensor. The function of all this sensor is to sense the vibration whenever the vehicle met an accident. By getting the information from these sensor, the microcontroller will process the data and send the other task to the equipment.

2.     The software that we will used is PIC microcontroller, that were function as the controller and main function of the system.

 4.2       Device Overview

The device overview is the general review or summary of the electronics component and equipment used in Real Time Controlled and Monitoring Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) Systems.

4.2.1        PIC 16F873A

Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) is the IC which was developed to control peripheral devices. Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) is popular with developers due to their low cost, wide availability, large user base and also extensive application. The PIC can be programmed to perform various functions that would provide simplicity in the electronic industries. PIC 16F873A is based on the concept of manipulating numbers where there are 35 basic sets of instruction, made available for user. Examples of instruction set include data transfer, control, and arithmetic and logic operations.

 For GSM Accident Notification Systems, the PIC 16F873A has been used as the heart of this project. The PIC 16F873A is available in 28-pin packages and have three input/output port which are port A, port B and port C. The program memory is 4K words, the RAM memory is 192 bytes and the EEPROM is 128 bytes. Flash memory is used for PIC16F873A. So the program can be easily rewritten by the PIC programmer. This IC also has fourteen interrupts and five A/D input channel. 

                               

   Figure 4.2: PIC 16F873A pin diagrams

The key features of PIC 16F873A are as follows in table 4.2 above:

Key Features	PIC16F873A
Operating Frequency	DC – 20 MHz
Resets (and Delays)	POR, BOR (PWRT, OST)
Flash Program Memory (14-bit words)     4K 4K 8K 8K	4K
Data Memory (bytes)	192
EEPROM Data Memory (bytes)	128
Interrupts	14
I/O Ports	Ports A, B, C
Timers	3
Capture/Compare/PWM modules	2
Serial Communications	MSSP, USART
Parallel Communications	-
10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module	5 input channels
Analog Comparators	2
Instruction Set	35 Instructions

Table 4.1: 16F873A Features

4.2.2       MAX232 IC

MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from RS-232 serial port. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, signals. The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs from a single 5V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external (typically 100 nF) capacitors. The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as high as ± 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, and a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V and accept ±30-V inputs. The advantage of MAX232 is that it uses +5V power supplies same as the source voltage of PIC 16873A.

Feature for MAX232:

ü  Operate with single 5V supply

ü  Operate up to 120kbit/s

ü  Two drivers and two receivers

ü  ±30-V input levels

ü  Low supply current ,typical : 8 mA

ü  Designed to be interchangeable with MAX232

ü  Applications:TIA/EIA-232-F, Battery-Powered Systems, Terminals, Modems, Computers

4.2.3    GSM Modem

       Figure 4.3 : MAX232 pin diagram

                       

A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main different between them is that a dial-up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves.

Typically, and external GSM modem is connected to a computer through a serial cable. In order to operate, a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier like a GSM mobile phone. A GSM modem supports a common and extended set of standard AT commands. With the extended commands, the GSM modem can be used as:

ü  Reading, writing, and deleting SMS messages.

ü  Sending SMS messages.

ü  Monitoring the signal strength.

ü  Monitoring the charging status and charge level of the battery.

ü  Reading, writing and searching phone book entries.

The number of SMS messages that can be processed by a GSM modem per minute is very low, which is only about six to ten SMS messages per minute. The GSM net used by cell phones provides a low cost, long range, wireless communication channel for application that need connectivity rather than high data rates. Machinery such as industrial refrigerators and freezers, HVAC, vending machines, vehicle services and others could benefit from being connected to GSM system.

                                                          Figure 4.4: GSM Modem

4.2.4    RS232

RS232 is commonly used in computer serial port. The RS232 is a standard for serial binary data signal connecting between a DTE (Data Terminal Equipment-computer) and a DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment-modem). This devices will be sending and receiving signals Generally, terminal and computers have male connectors with DTE functions, and modem have female connectors with DCE pin functions. Other devices may have any combination of connecter gender and pin definitions. Nowadays, many terminals were manufactured with female terminals but were sold with a cable with male connectors at each end.

To connect with GSM modem, the connection of RS232 cable pin diagram is as follows:

                                     Figure 4.5: RS232 null modem with loop back handshaking

      4.2.5    Sensor

A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure  pressure, acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical charge. In GSM accident notification system, this type of sensor are used to get the mechanical signal and convert to electrical signal.

Figure 4.6 : Piezoelectric plate

            4.2.6   GPS Module

      The GPS module ProGin SR-89 series is used.

       Main features:

• High performances receiver tracks up to 20 satellites
• The module communicates with application system via RS 232 with NMEA – 0183 protocol
• Average cold start time under 42 seconds

        NMEA 0183

• A combined electrical and data specification for communication between marine electronic devices such as GPS receivers, anemometer and etc.

                                            

                                                 Figure 4.7 : GPS module ProGin SR-89

   5.0    PROJECT MANAGEMENT

    

      5.1  Budget

• Estimation on the overall cost of the project

A)    Software
1.	Commercial Reliability Software (Student Demo version)	-
B)    Stationary
1.	Paper	RM 30.00
2.	Printer ink	RM 50.00
3.	Photocopy	RM 20.00
4.	binding	RM 50.00
C)    Others
1.	Travelling expenses (data collection)	RM 50.00
2.	GSM accident notification system configuration prototype	RM 100.00
D)    Components, Circuits & Equipments
1.	GSM modem	RM 480.00
2.	GPS system	RM 450.00
3.	PIC circuits	RM 30.00
4.	Components used	RM 50.00
TOTAL		RM 1310.00

5.2  Time Plan

Project title: GSM Accident Notification System

The time frame allocated for this research study is 1 year. It will start in January 2012

and is projected to be completed in December 2012. The Time Plan for the project and

its milestone are shown below.

                                                                             SEM 1/12

                                                                                      SEM 1/12

  

     6.0 CONCLUSION

This project is a combination of hardware and software development. For hardware development, GSM Accident Notification Systems includes electronics component and external equipment such as battery GSM module and also GPS system. For software, it use PIC Microcontroller. GSM Accident Notification Systems is very useful in their application which applied new technology for accident notification that can help human’s life.

            The development of GSM Accident Notification System are develop to minimize the deaths and the severe conditions due to accidents the GPS and GSM technologies are used where the immediate action would be take place by family or friend members which might reduces the severity.

   7.0  REFERENCES

·       http://www.aurelienr.com/electronique/piezo/piezo.pdf

·       http://electricly.com/rs-232-with-max232-schematic-diagram/

·       http://tutorial.cytron.com.my/2011/12/08/control-and-monitor-via-sms/

·       http://www.microcontrollerboard.com/pic_serial_communication.html#SerComm